Applying the Parental Income Test (PIT) for ABSTUDY and Youth Allowance (YA) 108-02010020
This page contains the process for applying the PIT for ABSTUDY and Youth Allowance YA.
On this page:
Apply the Parental Income Test (PIT)
Tax File Number (TFN) exemption review for Parental Income Test (PIT) parent
Code YA and ABSTUDY parental income
Apply the Parental Income Test (PIT)
Table 1: this table describes the application of the PIT for ABSTUDY and YA.
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Independent statusIs the customer considered to be independent for the purposes of ABSTUDY or YA?
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Determine the PIT parent(s)/guardian(s)Establish who the correct PIT parent(s)/guardian(s) are. Note: If the customer is assessed for away from home rate, the parent being used to assess the away from home rate must be the same parent used for the purposes of the PIT. It is not possible to pay the away from home rate based on one person and use someone else’s income for the PIT (e.g. a grandparent) If the customer normally lives with their parent(s)The parent(s) and step-parent are the PIT parent(s) for customers who normally live with:
See also If there is a step-parent below Note: the birth/natural parent is no longer the parent for ABSTUDY purposes when a student has a parent under traditional Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander adoption. This means that the birth parent may be the private board provider, and/or the travel supervisor. The birth parent is not considered the parent when assessing eligibility under the Away from Home award for students in traditional Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander adoption relationships. If the customer does not normally live with their parent(s) and:
If none of the above applies, the PIT is applied to the parent with whom they last lived. Shared custody situations (including Separated under one roof (SUOR))A dependent ABSTUDY or YA customer nominates the parent with primary care responsibility. In 50/50 shared care situations the customer nominates which parent they want assessed for the PIT. If there is a step-parentFor YA and ABSTUDY purposes, a step-parent is the married or de facto partner of the parent who has primary care and responsibility of the dependent customer. The income of the step-parent is included in the PIT where:
The earliest the income of the step-parent may be applied to the PIT is the date the parent and step-parent are considered to be normally living together. This may include while the customer is absent from the primary home but normally lives with the parent. The customer is considered to be normally living with the parent and step-parent where the customer's primary home address is the same as the parent and step-parent. This includes customers who live away from home:
Customers living arrangements may not be considered permanent and separated, for example, if they:
For the purposes of the PIT, the step-parent's income should not be included when the customer:
If a customer has established a permanent home and they return to the parental home to live, they must notify Services Australia. For more information on notifiable events for: | |
Check parent's detailsCheck the parent details and update as required within the customer's record. If the customer is claiming:
A Tax File Number (TFN) or TFN exemption must be recorded for each PIT parent for YA or ABSTUDY to be paid. Parent TFN details can be viewed via:
See Table 2 if allocated a:
If there is no TFN for the parent(s)/guardian(s) showing on the Tax File Number (TFN) or Tax File Number Authorisation Summary (TFS) screens, the parent(s)/guardian(s) must be asked to provide their TFN or provide a valid TFN exemption reason. If no TFN, or TFN exemption, has been provided by the parent(s)/guardian(s) and the customer is:
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Other dependants to be included in the family pool
Note: for an FTB child or regular care child, the maximum notional FTB rate calculation includes verified Rent Assistance (RA). If the parent has advised they are paying rent and it is not verified, see Completing the Accommodation Details (AC) screen and assessing Rent Assistance (RA) and then return to this procedure. Are there any other dependants in the family to be included in the family pool?
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Code sibling detailsIf the customer is claiming YA or ABSTUDY, dependent siblings with a parent in common with the customer are automatically linked when PIT links are created. If other siblings are being included as part of the family unit, and the siblings have not been linked on the PIT Sibling Selection (NPSS) screen, see Linking sibling records with customers/students/Australian Apprentices/job seekers - Parental Income Test (PIT) before returning to this process. For more information on how to code siblings details, see Changes which may affect the Parental Income Test (PIT). | |
Check for a PIT exemptionFor YA and ABSTUDY customers, a PIT exemption applies if a parent(s)/guardian(s):
For YA, an exemption does not apply if the customer's parent is receiving an income support payment and is:
For ABSTUDY, an exemption does not apply:
Note: for YA and ABSTUDY: a recent change in parental circumstances may trigger a review or request of parental income details, see Changes which may affect the Parental Income Test (PIT). Does the parent(s)/guardian(s) meet one of the conditions for a PIT exemption?
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PIT exemptFor most PIT exemption categories, the system will automatically update the PIT exemption reason on the:
If the appropriate PIT exemption does not display on NHI, see Process > Step 4 in Circumstances when the Parental Income Test (PIT) does not apply before returning to this step. For ABSTUDY where a PIT exemption applies because parent(s)/guardian(s) hold a Health Care Card (HCC) based on receipt of maximum rate Family Tax Benefit (FTB) Part A, a manual PIT exemption may need to be coded on the system:
If the customer is claiming:
Note: if verified income details are supplied for all linked parent(s)/guardians(s), including where actual income is available on the FAO Income for Previous Year (FIPY) screen, code details on the NHI screen. This will avoid having to request the parental income details again if the parents' circumstances change and the PIT exemption no longer applies Have verified income details been supplied for all linked parent(s)/guardian(s)?
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Tax File Number (TFN) exemption review for Parental Income Test (PIT) parent
Table 2: this table provides the process for actioning a TFN exemption review for a PIT parent.
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TFN exemption review for PIT parent/sDifferent work items allocate depending on the stage of the PIT parent’s TFN exemption review. If the work item is a:
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Review PIT parent/s TFN exemption reasonThe ZALL_TFN_GEN appears on the Activity List (AL) screen in Customer First as CLI/CDC activity with TFN - EXEMPTION REVIEW in the activity notes. Review the TFN exemption code on the TFN entry with the PAR service reason on the parent’s Tax File Number Authority Summary (TFS) screen. See Tax File Number (TFN) exemptions and Manual Follow-up (MFU) actions for TFN exemption code descriptions. If the exemption code is:
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OVS – Person Overseas exemptionPIT parents living overseas may never have had to apply for a TFN. Do not request a TFN for a parent who has never lived in Australia. Has the PIT parent ever lived in Australia?
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Request the PIT parent/s TFNRequests for the TFN of a PIT parent, needed for a dependent customer’s YA or ABSTUDY, must be sent to the customer, not the parent. Do not use a Request for Information (RFI), send a Request for parent tax file number Q888:
To determine the due date for the TFN request, see Requesting information (CLK). In the customer’s record:
In the parent’s record:
Procedure ends here until TFN supplied or held Fast Note DOC is due. | |
PIT parent TFN supplied or TFN request dueThe TFN may have been recorded/scanned on either the customer’s or PIT parent’s record, check both. Has the PIT parent’s TFN been provided?
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PIT parent/s TFN not providedEither a TFN or a valid TFN exemption is required for each PIT parent. If the TFN has not been supplied, check whether the TFN exemption is still valid. Is the PIT parent’s temporary TFN exemption still valid?
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TFN exemption still validWhere the PIT parent’s TFN has not been supplied but the TFN exemption is still valid, updates to both the parent’s and customer’s records may be needed. In the parent’s record:
On completion of the TFN – EXEMPTION REVIEW activity, the system creates the following to review the exemption again in 90 days:
In the customer’s record: If a PIT parent TFN requested DOC is present:
Procedure ends here. | |
TFN exemption no longer validWhere the PIT parent/s TFN has not been supplied and the TFN exemption is no longer valid, update the customer’s record. Cancel the customer’s payment:
Do not make any updates to the parent’s record. Procedure ends here. | |
PIT parent TFN has been providedIf the parent’s TFN was uploaded or scanned to the customer’s record, move it to the parent’s record. See Table 2 in Moving, copying or updating Centrelink digital images. Annotate the PIT parent TFN requested DOC on the customer’s record to show that the TFN has been supplied and to see the parent’s record for details. Do not record TFNs in DOCs. Complete the DOC. In the PIT parent’s record in Customer First update the TFN. If a TFN – EXEMPTION REVIEW activity is on the AL screen, select that activity and make updates in it:
Procedure ends here. |
Determine parental income
Table 3: this table describes the process to assess combined parental income, verification of income, base and current tax years.
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Determine parental income amountIf a customer claims and has received YA/ABSTUDY/Assistance for Isolated Children (AIC) in the same year, and the parent(s)/guardians(s) have previously provided their income details for the relevant tax year, they do not need to provide them again. For more information see Table 1 in Completing Parent(s)/Guardian(s) details for the Base Tax Year and Current Tax Year (MOD JY). If parental income information is required, the parent(s)/guardian(s) combined income for the base and/or current tax year must be provided.
Claims between September and December Customers who claim between September and December, are asked to provide both the base tax year and the current tax year at the time of claim. Attempt to obtain both financial years at the time of claim. If current tax year information is not available, finalise the claim using base tax year information. An Annual Parental Income review will issue automatically after the claim is granted. Step-parents Only include step-parent income where appropriate, see Background for more information. Parental income Combined parental income equals the sum of:
Note: if the parent(s)/guardian(s) receives compensation and they are unsure if it is taxable or not, tell them to contact the ATO.
If the parent/s have received income from overseas within the Australian financial year period, the foreign income must be converted to Australian Dollars (AUD), see Foreign currency and exchange rates. Non-lodgers If a PIT parent has indicated they are not required to lodge a tax return, they are required to provide responses for all income sources, but the API may only ask for:
A MOD JY form or verbal MOD JY is needed where the API has not asked a confirmed non-lodger if they had:
Verification Verification of parental taxable income is required:
See Documents accepted as evidence of parental income. Estimates Estimates may be accepted where the parent(s)/guardian(s) have not provided, or are not yet able to provide, verification. Do not code estimates where there is a current PIT exemption. For new claims, the parent(s)/guardian(s) may indicate in their MOD JY they have received their NOA but not supply evidence. If this occurs, update:
Estimates cannot be accepted after 1 September of the calendar year following the tax year being assessed. If the declared amount precludes payment of YA, verification is not required. If the claim is being assessed:
When an estimate is recorded:
This verification process applies to:
Is more information required?
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Substantial change in incomeHas the parent(s)/guardian(s) indicated that their income has substantially changed since the base tax year? | |
Requested information not returnedIf the requested information has not been returned by the due date, and the activity being actioned is:
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Code YA and ABSTUDY parental income
Table 4: this table describes the screens to use and system hints for coding parental income.
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Record taxable income for appropriate tax yearIf coding parental income for:
A new NHI page or entry must be inserted unless correcting existing parental income details for a financial year. Code the Event Date. To determine the Event Date, see Event date for parental income. For claims in Process Direct, the event date defaults to the date of lodgement of the claim. Code the Financial Year Ending: as the base year, or the current year if a current year assessment is being applied. Code the taxable income assessed by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) or an accepted reasonable estimate separately for each parent/guardian. If the parent(s)/guardian(s) have declared that their, and their partner's, parental income from all sources is $0, and:
If the parent has not provided the actual parental income, and/or the estimate provided is not reasonable, the NHI must remain coded as $0:
If the parental income is an estimate, key ‘Y’ in the Estimate field, enter the date the parent(s)/guardian(s) expect that their Taxation Notice of Assessment will be available in the Review Date field. If parental income is recorded with an estimate and they have now provided the actual parental income, see Assessing and coding parental income for ABSTUDY, Assistance for Isolated Children (AIC) and Youth Allowance (YA). If the customer is PIT exempt, and the parental income provided is an estimate, do not record any income on the NHI screen. If a customer has 2 PIT parents but only one with a PIT exempt reason, the system may populate income of $1 for the other parent. To make sure no combined income is recorded, and the PIT review letter will issue if the exempt parent loses their exemption, code the following on the non-exempt parent's NHI screen:
Is other parental income declared?
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Zero taxable income for PIT purposesFor some claims or PIT activities, $1 may automatically be coded by the system in the Taxable Income field on the NHI screen. The following workaround may need to be undertaken when assessing taxable income to stop the system from:
The action required is determined based on the number of parent(s)/guardian(s) the customer is being assessed against, and the amount of taxable income and other income components which form part of the PIT. At least one parent must have at least $1 of taxable income recorded.
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Record other income for appropriate tax yearIf other income is available from the FIPY screen or has been provided by the parent(s)/guardian(s), record the details on the NHI screen:
Note:
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Record details of the update on a Note/DOCDocument the record with details of updates made. See Online Document Recording (ODR). |